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A1: mmap stands for memory mapping, a feature in Unix-like operating systems that allows applications to access files in disk by mapping them into the memory address space of the application. It enables programs to treat file data just like any other data in memory, potentially improving I/O performance because it allows the operating system to optimize access patterns. Q2: How does dd fit into this context, especially with options like skip? A2: dd is a commonly used Unix command for low-level copying and conversion of raw data. The skip=X option in dd allows you to skip X blocks of input data before starting the copy operation.