Non-GUI Installations: Simplifying Server Setup with Rocky Linux and Debian Minimal

Servers are the bedrock of the modern internet, serving everything from small personal blogs to enterprise-grade applications. When setting up a new server, the choice of operating system significantly impacts stability, security, and usability. For many system administrators and tech enthusiasts, a Non-Graphical User Interface (Non-GUI) or "headless" installation is ideal. This allows for optimised use of system resources and minimised attack vectors. This article will explore the steps and benefits of installing Rocky Linux and Debian in their minimal, non-GUI forms.

Why Choose a Minimal, Non-GUI Installation?

1. Resource Efficiency: Minimal installations mean fewer installed packages and less overhead, freeing critical resources, like CPU cycles and memory, for essential services and applications.
2. Security: With fewer installed components, there are fewer opportunities for security vulnerabilities. This streamlined setup helps in maintaining the server's integrity.
3. Control and Customization: Starting with a minimal base allows administrators to tailor the system precisely to their needs, installing only the necessary packages and avoiding unnecessary bloat.

Setting up Rocky Linux: A Guide to Minimal Installation

Rocky Linux has risen as a popular choice for business and enterprise users, especially as a replacement for CentOS. Here’s how to install Rocky Linux in a minimal configuration:

Prerequisites:

• A bootable Rocky Linux installation media.

• A system or virtual machine for the installation.

Step-by-Step Installation:

1. Start the Installation: Boot your system from the installation media and select the installation environment on the startup menu.

2. Install Environment Selection: Choose the "Minimal install" environment. This setup excludes the GUI and installs the bare minimum packages needed.

3. Disk Partitioning: Depending on your needs, select automatic or manual partitioning. For a simple setup, automatic partitioning is sufficient, but for advanced setups, manual partitioning is recommended.

4. Network and Hostname Configuration: Configure your network settings and set a hostname. This setup can be static or dynamic via DHCP.

5. Begin Installation: Confirm your settings and begin the installation. This process involves the installation of the base system and selected security settings like SELinux.

6. Set Root Password and Create User: Secure your system by setting a strong root password and, optionally, create additional users with limited rights for routine tasks.

7. Final Steps and Reboot: After completing the installation, reboot the system. You now have a lean, minimal base of Rocky Linux.

Installing Debian Minimal: A Solid Foundation for Servers

Debian is known for its stability and vast repository of packages, making it a great choice for both new and seasoned server administrators. Here’s how to conduct a minimal installation:

Prerequisites:

• A bootable Debian installation media.

• A system or virtual machine for the installation.

Step-by-Step Installation:

1. Launch the Installer: Boot from the Debian installation media and choose the "Install" option for a non-GUI setup.

2. Select Software: When prompted to select software, uncheck "Debian desktop environment" and anything not essential. You can always add packages later as needed.

3. Configure Network: Similar to Rocky Linux, set up your network and hostname. Ensure correct connectivity and configurations as per your network environment.

4. Disk Setup: Choose how to partition your disks. Debian supports a wide array of file systems and partitioning schemes for various use cases.

5. Initiating Installation: Confirm your selected options, and begin the installation. This will install a base system tailored to your selections.

6. Configuring the Package Manager: Debian’s package manager (APT) is very flexible. Configure it according to your network environment and preferred mirror.

7. Setup Users and Passwords: Secure your installation by configuring a strong root password and create additional user accounts as necessary.

8. Complete and Reboot: Once installation is complete, reboot your system. You should now have a fully functional, minimal Debian server.

Conclusion

Both Rocky Linux and Debian offer robust platforms for a variety of server applications. By choosing a minimal, non-GUI installation, you can optimise your server’s performance and security, giving you a solid foundation on which to build your applications. Whether you're running a web server, database, or custom application, these setups ensure you start with a lean, secure base, allowing more room for customization and growth.

As you move forward, remember to keep your systems updated and secure, and consider adding only those packages that you truly need. This will help maintain the efficiency and security of your server environment, ensuring that it runs smoothly and continues to meet the needs of your applications and users.